Stratification Improves Germination and Growth of Water Oak

Stratification of red oak acorns has been recommended (1, 4, 5) since it hastens germination and shortens the germination period. However, the effect of stratification on the height and diameter growth of the subsequent seedlings has not been investigated. The effect of quicker germination should be to increase the size and uniformity of the planting stock, particularly if the germination period is shortened. Both factors may be important in determining the percentage of acorns that will produce plantable seedlings. In general, these expectations were confirmed. This study was initiated to compare the effects of stratification and cold storage on germination and seedling performance of water oak (Quercus nigra L.) and willow oak (Q. phellos L.). The difference in response between the two species was also investigated. Acorns were collected from water oaks in Columbia County, Fla., Brazos County, Tex., and Wake County, N.C.; and from willow oaks in Spotsylvania County, Va., Butler County, Mo., and Wake County, N.C. Three trees were sampled in each stand. The fruits were collected with traps modified from those recommended by Thompson and McGinnes (3). Two traps were placed on opposite sides of each tree, one-third the distance from the bole to the crown edge. Acorns were removed from the traps at intervals of 3 to 7 days between Sept. 15 and early November; those collected first were kept cool and moist until about 200 acorns were gathered, or until they ceased to fall. All acorns were then stored at 34°F. and 70 to 80 percent relative humidity.

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Author(s): Richard A. Usanis

Publication: Tree Planters' Notes - Volume 19, Number 1 (1968)

Volume: 19

Number: 1