Pentaphylloides (fruticosa)

Tara Luna USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana 59936 (406) 888-7835 http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/azpmc

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Family Scientific Name:	Rosaceae
Family Common Name:	Rose family
Scientific Name:	Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) Schw.
Common Synonym:	Potentilla fruticosa L.
Common Name:	Shrubby cinquefoil
Species Code:	PENFRU
Ecotype:	Open rocky slopes, Logan Pass, 2032m elev.
General Distribution:	P. fruticosa is a circumboreal species that occurs from Alaska to Labrador, south to California, throughout the Rocky Mountains and New Jersey and Pennsylvania. It inhabits a wide range of wet to dry habitats including forest margins, cliffs, alpine scree and talus, prairie grasslands and wetland margins at all elevations.
Propagation Goal:	plants
Propagation Method:	seed
ProductType:	Container (plug)
Stock Type:	800 ml container
Time To Grow:	8 Months
Target Specifications:	Stock Type: Container seedling<br> Height: 17 cm<br> Caliper: 7 mm<br> Root System: firm plug in 800 ml (4.5 inch) and 3L (1 gallon) containers.
Propagule Collection:	Seeds are hand collected in September when achenes turn tan. Seeds are collected in paper bags and kept in a well ventilated drying shed prior to cleaning.
Propagule Processing:	Seeds are cleaned with a hammermill and screened. Seed longevity is unknown. Seed dormancy is classified as non dormant. Seeds/Kg: 2,200,000/kg % Purity: 100% % Germination: 60 to 90%
Pre-Planting Treatments:	5 month outdoor cold, moist stratification. Seeds from lower elevation sources also germinate to high percentages using a 60 to 90 day cold, moist stratification in a refrigerator. Stratification is used for high elevation seed sources.
Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:	Outdoor nursery growing facility. Sowing Method: Direct Seeding. Growing medium used is 6:1:1 milled sphagnum peat, perlite, and vermiculite with Osmocote controlled release fertilizer (13N:13P2O5:13K2O; 8 to 9 month release rate at 21C) and Micromax fertilizer (12%S, 0.1%B, 0.5%Cu, 12%Fe, 2.5%Mn, 0.05%Mo, 1%Zn) at the rate of 1 gram of Osmocote and 0.20 gram of Micromax per 172 ml conetainer. Conetainers are filled and sown in late fall and irrigated thoroughly prior to winter stratification. Seedlings germinate in spring under fluctuating outdoor temperatures and are grown under full sun exposure. Seedlings are irrigated with Rainbird automatic irrigation system in early morning until containers are thoroughly leached. Average growing season of nursery is from late April after snowmelt until October 15th.
Establishment Phase:	Germination occurs at 21C and is usually complete in 15 days. Cotyledon to true leaf stage is 2 weeks. Seedlings are thinned at this stage.
Length of Establishment Phase:	4 weeks
Active Growth Phase:	Seedling growth is rapid following germination. Plants are fertilized with 20-20-20 liquid NPK at 100 ppm and increase in height to 17 centimeters in 10 weeks. Root development is very rapid and fill conetainers in 8 weeks. Conetainers are potted into 800 ml or 1 gallon containers for further growth and production of larger container stock.
Length of Active Growth Phase:	8 weeks
Hardening Phase:	Plants are fertilized with 10-20-20 liquid NPK at 200 ppm during August and September. Irrigation is gradually reduced in September and October. Pots are leached with clear water before winterization.
Length of Hardening Phase:	4 weeks
Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:	Total Time to Harvest: 9 months in 800 ml containers and 5 months in 172 ml containers Harvest Date: July and August Storage Conditions: Overwinter in outdoor nursery under insulating foam and snow.
Length of Storage:	5 months
Other Comments:	P. fruticosa is a highly adaptable pioneer species which occurs from lowland prairies and forest edges to scree slopes above 8,000 feet in Glacier National Park. The broad ecological amplitude and circumboreal distribution of this species is indicative of its ease of propagation, establishment, and ability to withstand severe environmental conditions.
References:	Flora of the Pacific Northwest, Hitchcock and Cronquist, University of Washington Press, 7th printing, 1973. Seeds of the Woody Plants in North America, Young and Young, Dioscorides Press, 1992. Seeds of the Woody Plants in the United States, Agriculture Handbook No. 450, U.S.F.S., Washington D.C., 1974. Glacier Park Native Plant Nursery Propagation Records, unpublished. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, Baskin and Baskin, Academic Press, 1998.

Citation:

Luna, Tara; Evans, Jeff; Wick, Dale; Hosokawa, Joy. 2008. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) Schw. plants 800 ml container; USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/02). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.