Oenothera (albicaulis)
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Allegra Mount Seed Lab Manager Borderlands Restoration PO Box 1191 Patagonia, Arizona 85624 949-690-2592 borderlands.restoration@gmail.com www.borderlandsrestoration.org |
| Family Scientific Name: | Onagraceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Evening Primrose family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Oenothera albicaulis Pursh | ||
| Common Name: | Whitest Evening Primrose | ||
| Ecotype: | Madrean Archipelago | ||
| General Distribution: |
Grows from 2,500-7,500 ft in dry, grassy, and disturbed localities (Kearney and Peebles 1960). Flowers March-July. Commonly found in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, Utah, Texas, and Wyoming (USDA, NRCS 2009). |
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| Propagation Goal: | Plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | Seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Propagule Collection: |
Break the capsules off the plants manually. |
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| Propagule Processing: |
Break open pods perpendicular to axis--the seeds will spill out easily and fall through No. 20 sieve. Minimal winnowing is necessary. This could likely be done by stomping on the capsules or otherwise crushing them followed by additional winnowing. Orthodox storage is assumed. |
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| Establishment Phase: |
Typically, germination for this genus requires both light, humidity, and is most successful when seeds are sown directly onto the substrate surface (Greiner and Kohl 2013). In one study, successful germination lots occurred when the seed was wet blotted in a petri dish for 1-3 days (Greiner and Kohl 2013). Another method involved sowing seeds directly into substrate and placing them under a translucent dome to maintain humidity for about 1-2 weeks, however seed quality/age can affect the germination rate and cause extreme delays (Greiner and Kohl 2013). Germination rates here can be increased by soaking seeds for 24 hours at low temperatures (4-10°C) in the dark (Greiner and Kohl 2013). Best germination rates were seen in the spring season with direct lighting (Greiner and Kohl 2013). However, this is general information for the Oenothera genus and may not apply to seeds of O. albicaulis as shown by the following study. In a different study, Oenothera albicaulis germination rates were tested for four different treatments: untreated, 3-week moist cold stratification, 12-week moist cold stratification, and 3-week moist warm stratification (Pendleton and Pendleton 2014). Germination rates for all treatments were 4% (Pendleton and Pendleton 2014). It is suggested that other methods be attempted to break the dormancy of these seeds including dry heat, smoke, darkness, and wet/dry cycles (Pendleton and Pendleton 2014). |
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| References: |
Epple, Anne Orth., and John F. Wiens. Plants of Arizona: a field guide. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides, 2012. Print. Greiner, Stephan and Karin Kohl. “Growing Evening Primroses (Oenothera).” Frontiers in plant science 5 (2013): 38. Web. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3923160/ [2017, January 9]. Kearney, Thomas H., and Robert H. Peebles. Arizona Flora. Berkeley: U of California, 1960. Print. Pendleton, Rosemary L., and Burton K. Pendleton. "Germination patterns of a suite of semiarid grassland forbs from central New Mexico." Native Plants Journal 15.1 (2014): 17-28. USDA, NRCS. “Map for Oenothera albicaulis Pursh.” The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 2009. Web. http://plants.usda.gov [2017, February 6]. Borderlands Restoration Network (2018). BRN Native Plant Materials Program Database. Unpublished Raw Data. |
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Citation:
Allen-Cantú, Juniper; Claverie, Francesca ; McNelis, Perin; Mount, Allegra. 2018. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Plants Borderlands Restoration Patagonia, Arizona. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/02). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
