Magnolia (fraseri)
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Randall Lester Assistant Manager USDA NRCS - Appalachian Plant Materials Center P.O. Box 390 Alderson, West Virginia 24910 304-445-3005 304-445-7049 (fax) randall.lester@wv.usda.gov http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/wvpmc |
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| Family Scientific Name: | Magnoliaceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Magnolia | ||
| Scientific Name: | Magnolia fraseri | ||
| Common Name: | Mountain magnolia | ||
| Species Code: | MAFR | ||
| Ecotype: | Monongahela National Forest | ||
| General Distribution: | Mountain magnolia is found primarily in mountainous regions in the eastern one fourth of the continental US. It is fairly common from New York south to Alabama and from Virginia west to Tennessee. | ||
| Known Invasiveness: | Not known to be invasive in the US. | ||
| Propagation Goal: | Plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | Seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Time To Grow: | 2 Years | ||
| Target Specifications: | A well developed plant suitable for transplanting by hand with at least 12" top growth and a healthy tap root. | ||
| Propagule Collection: | Seeds of the Monongahela National Forest ecotype mountain magnolia were harvested in the fall from existing populations at high elevations in Pocahontas County, WV. Magnolias produce cones which contain multiple seeds which dislodge as the fruit matures. Some cones and seeds were picked up off the ground and some were harvested from logging operations as the trees were felled. | ||
| Propagule Processing: | Cones which had not fully opened were placed on a table top to air dry so they would open to expose the seeds. Seeds were extracted from the cones by hand and placed on a ribbed rubber mat. They were rubbed gently to remove the seed from the fleshy seed coat without damaging the seed. Gloves should be worn during this process because the seed coat is oily and causes staining. The seed was separated from the pulp by using water to float off the pulp and unfilled seeds. The heavier seeds that sank to the bottom are the most viable seeds and were kept for propagation. | ||
| Pre-Planting Treatments: | Seeds were washed 5 times with water and dishwashing liquid to remove most of the oily substance from the exterior of the seeds. Seeds were then placed in a plastic bag with moistened sphagnum moss and placed in the seed cooler (34 degrees F) for 4 months for cold stratification. After cold stratification, the seeds were soaked in a 10% bleach solution for 15 minutes to try to reduce the chance of a fungal infection. The seeds were then rinsed with water and were ready for planting. | ||
| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Pro-mix BX with biofungicide was moistened and placed in heavy plastic trays. The growing media was compacted slightly to form a firm seedbed. | ||
| Establishment Phase: | Seeds were spread evenly by hand on the soil surface and then covered with 1/4 inch of additional soil. The top layer was pressed down slightly to ensure good seed to soil contact. The trays were placed in the greenhouse to allow the seeds to germinate. | ||
| Length of Establishment Phase: | 1 month | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Seedlings began to emerge after about a month in the greenhouse. Once the seedlings had developed sufficient root systems, they were transplanted into quart plastic containers filled with Metro-mix 510 growing media. Once the roots filled the quart containers, they were upsized into 1 gallon containers filled with Metro-mix 510. After 1 growing season, they were moved to the shade house and allowed to grow for an additional year. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 23 months | ||
| Hardening Phase: | No hardening phase was required because the plants had been moved to the shade house previously. | ||
| Length of Hardening Phase: | N/A | ||
| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: | Plants with sufficient top growth and root development were shipped back to the Monongahela National Forest for transplanting. Trailer was covered with tarps to prevent excessive wind burn. | ||
| Length of Storage: | 1 day | ||
| References: | USDA, NRCS. 2012. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 12 July 2012). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. | ||
Citation:
Lester, Randall; Vandevender, John. 2017. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Magnolia fraseri Plants USDA NRCS - Appalachian Plant Materials Center Alderson, West Virginia. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/02). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
