Carya (laciniosa)
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John Vandevender Center Manager USDA NRCS - Appalachian Plant Materials Center P. O. Box 390 Alderson, West Virginia 24910 304-445-3005 John.vandevender@wv.usda.gov http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/wvpmc |
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| Family Scientific Name: | Juglandaceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Walnut family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don | ||
| Common Name: | shellbark hickory | ||
| Species Code: | CALA21 | ||
| Ecotype: | Stones River National Battlefield source | ||
| General Distribution: | Shellbark hickory is widely distributed throughout most of the eastern and central states from Texas, Kansas and Nebraska eastward to Georgia and north to New York, Massachusetts and Maine. | ||
| Known Invasiveness: | None | ||
| Propagation Goal: | plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | seed | ||
| ProductType: | Bareroot (field grown) | ||
| Stock Type: | 1-0 | ||
| Time To Grow: | 2 Years | ||
| Target Specifications: | A second spring seedling ranging in height from 8" to 16" with a 1/16" to 3/16" caliper stem and a compact, well developed tap root system. | ||
| Propagule Collection: | Seeds are collected from established natural stands within the confines of Stones River National Battlefield in the fall immediately after the nuts have matured and begun to fall from the tree. | ||
| Propagule Processing: | Seeds (nuts) are collected in the fall, typically September and October,when the nuts have matured and begun to fall from the tree. Seed may be air dried to allow the outer husk to dry and separate from the nut. Once the outer husk has separated and been removed, the nut should be immediately planted to attain the 90 to 120 days of natural cold stratification required to break embryo dormancy prior to germination. | ||
| Pre-Planting Treatments: | Seed may be floated in water to help determine viability. Seed that floats is normally poorly filled and has low or no viability. Floaters are discarded, while the seed that sinks is retained for planting. | ||
| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Best germination and growth of seedlings is in raised beds or sandy soil with adequate moisture. Prepare beds by deep rototilling or other tillage methods that achieve thorough loosening and mixing of soil. Seed are placed into 3/4" to 1" deep furrows scribed into the tilled soil. Furrows are spaced 2" apart and seed are placed 1" apart within furrows to optimize seedling development. Seed are covered with soil to a depth equal to 1and 1/2 times the average diameter of the seed; usually 3/4" to 1" of soil. Beds should then be covered with a 2 - 3 inch thick layer of straw to insulate against frost heaving. When seedlings begin to emerge, one-half of the straw should be removed. | ||
| Establishment Phase: | Germination and establishment occur from late April to early June. The seedlings rapidly develop a long taproot, but shoot growth is initially slow. | ||
| Length of Establishment Phase: | 2 months | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Plants require little maintenance during active growth other than application of at least 1 inch of water per week during drouth conditions and elimination of weed competition. Weeds must be removed during early growth phases to avoid uprooting the seedlings. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 4-6 months | ||
| Hardening Phase: | Since the plants are grown outside, no additional hardening is required. | ||
| Length of Hardening Phase: | None | ||
| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: | Seedlings are harvested in late winter while dormant. The best harvesting method employs a nursery bed lifter/shaker which undercuts the seedlings and gently loosens the soil around the roots. Bare root seedlings are then plucked from the loosened soil by hand. Refrigeration is employed to maintain seedling dormancy after harvest until shipping. Optimal temperatures for maintenance of dormancy are 35-40 degrees Fahrenheit. Root dessication during storage is prevented through packing in aged, moistened hardwood sawdust. | ||
| Length of Storage: | 1-2 months | ||
| References: | USDA, NRCS. 2014. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 7 February 2014). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. | ||
Citation:
Vandevender, John. 2014. Propagation protocol for production of Bareroot (field grown) Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don plants 1-0; USDA NRCS - Appalachian Plant Materials Center Alderson, West Virginia. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/01). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
