Lupinus (prunophilus)

Scott Jensen Botanist USDA FS - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory 735 N 500 E Provo, Utah 84606 801-356-5128 801-375-6968 (fax) sljensen@fs.fed.us www.fs.fed.us/rm/boise

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Family Scientific Name:	Fabaceae
Family Common Name:	Legume family
Scientific Name:	Lupinus prunophilus M.E. Jones
Common Name:	hairy bigleaf lupine, Robinson's lupine
Species Code:	LUPR2
Ecotype:	Tintic Mountains, Juab Co., Utah. 6500 ft elev.
General Distribution:	Widespread in valleys and foothill canyons below 7200 ft; from the Lake Section in Eastern Oregon south and east to the Calcareous Mountains Section in Nevada, the northern Bonneville Basin Section in Utah, to the western slope of the Colorado Rocky Mountains and north to the Columbia Basin.
Propagation Goal:	plants
Propagation Method:	seed
ProductType:	Container (plug)
Stock Type:	7.5 cu.in. QPlug, (International Horticultural Technologies, LLC. Hollister CA. www.ihort.com)
Time To Grow:	12 Weeks
Target Specifications:	Readily transplantable plug. 4+ true leaves.
Propagule Collection:	Lupine pods shatter when ripe, requiring collection while the seed is still green. As seed ripens pods become thin and change from green to yellow becoming somewhat transparent. Pods are ripe for harvest when individual seeds can be discerned when held against a light background. Hand stripping, breaking or cutting ripened inflorescences all bulk seed quickly for this species. This species ripens relatively uniformly across a plant and population. Harvested lupine seeds and pods have high moisture content and must be quickly spread out to dry. Small collections are covered with metal screens and large collections with mesh tarps to catch seed as the pods forcefully dehisce. Seed typically dries to between 5 and 7 % of the initial green bulk weight.
Propagule Processing:	Separate loose seed at the bottom of the bag or tarp from pods. Lupine seed tends to be brittle and can be damaged by aggressive abrasion. Dry pods are run rapidly through a debearder then processed through a Clipper scalper screen using a # 14 round screen and full wind to remove chaff.
Pre-Planting Treatments:	Seed is placed in boiling water for 1 minute, removed then placed on moistened blotter paper in a Petri dish to imbibe. Imbibation rates increased from about 66% to 90% by boiling seed. Most seed that is adequately scarified by this method will imbibe within a week. Damaged seed will begin to imbibe immediately. Seed is refrigerated during the imbibing interval to retard fungal growth. Imbibed seed is inoculated with rhizobium and mycorrhizae then planted. Planting occurs in late January or early February.
Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:	Greenhouse: 65øF day/ 50ø night with 12 hours of light. Beaver Plastics 91/130 Styroblock containers are filled with 7.5 in3 Q plugs leaving a ¬ " headspace. Two seeds per cell are planted ¬" to «" deep. Trays are heavily watered three to four times to saturate potting media. (Q Plugs are available from International Horticultural Technologies, LLC. Hollister CA. www.ihort.com)
Establishment Phase:	Germination begins in about 4 days. Trays are watered as needed to ensure seed remains moist.
Length of Establishment Phase:	4 weeks. Germination begins in about 5 days and remains slow for 2 weeks. Most germination occurs during the 3rd week. The first true leaves emerge in about 2 weeks.
Active Growth Phase:	Trays are thinned to 1 plant per cell. At 2 week intervals, beginning at 4 weeks, plants are fertilized with a liquid drench (15N:15P:15K).
Length of Active Growth Phase:	8 weeks.
Other Comments:	Funding was provided by the Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project.
References:	Retrieved Dec., 13, 2006, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database, http://www.itis.gov. Cronquist, A., Holmgren, A. H., Holmgren, N. H., Reveal, J.L. and Holmgren, P. K. 1989. Intermountain Flora; Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Vol. 3, Fabales. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Citation:

Jensen, Scott L. 2007. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Lupinus prunophilus M.E. Jones plants 7.5 cu.in. QPlug, (International Horticultural Technologies, LLC. Hollister CA. www.ihort.com); USDA FS - Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory Provo, Utah. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/02). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.