Intsia (bijuga)
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Kim Wilkinson Craig Elevitch Permanent Agriculture Resources P.O. Box 428 Holualoa, Hawaii 96725 808-324-4427 808-324-4129 (fax) par@agroforestry.net www.agroforestry.net |
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| Family Scientific Name: | Fabaceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Legume | ||
| Scientific Name: | Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze | ||
| Common Name: | ipil, Borneo teak, island teak, Moluccan ironwood, merbau; vesi (Fiji); ifilele (Samoa) ifil or ifit (Guam), ipil (Philippines), Borneo teak, , ifi-lele (Samoa ); fehi (Tonga); vesi (Fiji), u`ula (Solomon Islands) | ||
| Ecotype: | Tropical rainforests. Commonly found in wet lowlands and coastal areas bordering rivers, river floodplains, or mangrove swamps, 0-600 m elevation | ||
| General Distribution: | Southeast Asia (especially Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia) and some islands of the Pacific including Caroline Islands, Rotumba, Fiji, Samoa, the Marshall Islands, Guam, the Solomons and Papua New Guinea; possibly an aboriginal introduction to some of these islands. | ||
| Known Invasiveness: | This species is widely introduced throughout other tropical regions of the world where it may be invasive in some areas and invasiveness outside its naturally occurring range is unknown. | ||
| Propagation Goal: | plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Time To Grow: | 0 | ||
| Target Specifications: | Seedlings have reached target when approximately 20 cm in height, stem diameter 10 mm, with well-formed root systems that are not root-bound but that fill out the container. | ||
| Propagule Processing: | Fresh seed is usually very viable, with germination about 80-95%. Seeds can store for a year or more in cool conditions in a sealed container. | ||
| Pre-Planting Treatments: | Scarification is required to break the hard seed coat and hasten germination. (Unscarified seeds can live for three or more years without germinating!) A small clippers or a file may be used to make a nick in the seed coat. Soaking seeds overnight will cause them to take on water. If germination is known to be high, seeds may be direct seeded (planted vertically with the hilum downward). They may also be pregerminated on paper towels. Germination takes about 10 days. | ||
| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Seedlings require full sun in an uncovered growing area. The seeds are very large (often 2.5-3.5 cm long) and therefore containers with small openings (such as forestry tubes) do not serve. AndersenBand Pots 2 3/8" by 5" inches deep or other root-training containers of similar or greater volume (164 ml) and large openings work well. A well-drained potting media such as 50% Sunshine peat moss, 25% perlite, 25% vermiculite, amended with a little compost, dolomite lime, gypsum, micronutrients and slow-release fertilizer such as osmocote 14-14-14 is used. Potting media should also be inoculated with VAM (mycorrhizal fungi), available from commercial suppliers and garden centers. | ||
| Establishment Phase: | Seeds are placed vertically (with the hilum downward) in containers filled with premoistened potting media and covered 2/3 of their width with potting media and a thin layer of mulch (such as #2 poultry grit). Water with a fine-headed sprayer to keep moist. Full sun is best. Daily water is usually necessary, by hand or with an automated system. They will grow best in humid conditions. Initial growth is very fast. | ||
| Length of Establishment Phase: | 2 weeks | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Seedlings can be grown in full sun. After about four weeks, seedlings are double-spaced to allow maximum penetration of sunlight and air circulation. Amending with additional fertilizer such as a light top dressing of Gro-More 8-8-8 will aid in growth and development. If any weeds enter the soil-free media, they should be removed. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 3 - 4 months | ||
| Hardening Phase: | Growers should continue to ensure that seedlings receive full sun. Seedlings should never be allowed to dry out, but watering frequency may be reduced to introduce seedlings to temporary, moderate water stress. During the hardening phase, N fertilizer should be reduced or eliminated in fertilizer applications. | ||
| Length of Hardening Phase: | 2 weeks | ||
| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: | When seedlings have reached target size, they may be delivered to the planting site. They are not extracted from their container or stored before shipping. Keeping seedlings in their container is necessary to protect the roots. Containers may be stood up in cardboard boxes, or delivered in trays. Seedlings must be protected from wind and excessive heat during transport, but refrigeration is not recommended. Empty containers and trays may be returned after the planting is complete. | ||
| References: |
Clarke, W.C. and R.R. Thaman. Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands: Systems for Sustainability. United Nations University Press, New York. National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical Legumes: Resources for the Future. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. Smith, A.C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova: A New Flora of Fiji (Spermatophytes only). Vol. 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, HI. Soerianegara, I., and R.H.M.J. Lemmens, Eds. 1994. Plant Resources of Southeast Asia No. 5(1): Timber Trees: Major Commercial Timbers. PROSEA, Bogor, Indonesia. |
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Citation:
Elevitch, Craig R.; Wilkinson, Kim M.. 2004. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Kuntze plants Permanent Agriculture Resources Holualoa, Hawaii. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/02). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
