Solidago (spathulata)
|
Asa Skinner Native Plant Specialist 613 Commercial Street Garibaldi, Oregon 97118 804-815-5167 asa@tbnep.org |
| Family Scientific Name: | Asteraceae | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Family Common Name: | Sunflower family | ||
| Scientific Name: | Solidago spathulata | ||
| Common Synonym: | Solidago simplex spathulata | ||
| Common Name: | coast goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod | ||
| Species Code: | SOSP | ||
| Ecotype: | Beaches, dunes, coastal forests and meadows, bluffs, headlands. (Flora of Oregon, pp. 346) | ||
| General Distribution: | Native range is from Canada south to central California coast, and in mountains to Arizona and New Mexico. Plants grow on coastal sand dunes and open mountain slopes and valleys. (Bartow, pp. 164) | ||
| Propagation Goal: | Plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | Seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Stock Type: | Ray-Leach cone-tainer (SC7) or 16 cu in DeePot (D16) | ||
| Time To Grow: | 6-8 months | ||
| Target Specifications: | Firm root mass 1.5” X 5.5” | ||
| Propagule Collection: | Populations are often found between sand dunes where competition from dune grasses are minimal. Seeds are ripe when pappus dries and wind dispersal begins naturally. Seed and pappus should be easily to separate from the parent inflorescence. Seed fill is often low, so over-collection is recommended (Bartow, pp. 164). Collection peaks in early October in N Oregon. | ||
| Propagule Processing: |
Seeds are separated from phyllaries and pappus by hand-rubbing through fine screens. If producing plugs, complete seed cleaning is unnecessary as pappus does not inhibit germination. Pea-sized clumps of pappus and seeds are sown with tweezers. If producing seed, pappus must first be broken with a brush machine before seed will flow through an air-screen machine. Machines that contain trays of balls under the screen are very helpful as balls bouncing against the screen help the seeds separate from fine pappus (Bartow, pp. 165). |
||
| Pre-Planting Treatments: | None. Seed is non-dormant (Bartow, pp. 164) | ||
| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
Grown in sowing soil consisting of: 60% grower peat moss (coarse) 10% coarse perlite 30% vermiculite (large grade) Wetting agent (aquagrow 2000M) 21-4-8 NPK Osmocote slow release fertilizer In field settings, reducing weed pressure through hand-hoeing, herbicide spot treatment, and row tillage is important. Transplant plugs into field in the Fall at 2ft by 1ft spacing. (Bartow, pp. 164) |
||
| Establishment Phase: |
1. Racks are prepared by dibbling ¼” of headspace in each tube. Seeds are small and very susceptible to being buried too deep. 2. 5-10 seeds with pappus are sown in each tube and covered with medium course vermiculite. Be careful to not bury seeds too deeply. 3. Racks are then left in ambient weather until they have reached 50% germination. Seeds sown in mid-March will reach full germination in mid-June in North Oregon. 4. At 50% germination, racks are moved to a heated greenhouse to force germination of remaining tubes. 5. After 3-4 weeks in the greenhouse, plants are thinned, spaced and moved to a 50% shade structure to grow throughout the summer. They are watered through overhead misters for 20 minutes/3 times a week. |
||
| Length of Establishment Phase: | 2 months | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Seedlings reach full height (6-8”) and fill out their plugs within the first 2 months of growth. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 2 months | ||
| Hardening Phase: | Plants are hardened for two weeks in ambient weather and are watered for 10 minutes/3 times a week. | ||
| Length of Hardening Phase: | 2 weeks | ||
| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: |
Wild collection: Seed dispersal timing is heavily dependent on exposure. Populations that are exposed to direct winds coming off the ocean will disperse several weeks earlier than neighboring populations. Additional seed can often by found by locating plants hidden in dune grass or sheltered by trees. Over-collection is recommended as seeds can have low viability. They are highly susceptible to post-collection mortality, so keeping seeds cool, dry, and ventilated is key. Seed is collected in September in California (Young, 2001) and in October in North Oregon. Field collection: Weather can greatly affect seed maturity as well as harvesting. As seed matures, pappas expands and seeds can fly away from plants, but this species has better seed retention than other goldenrod or aster species. Plants can flower for many weeks and can continue to flower late into the fall. Seed increase fields will contain plants that have mature seed that is blowing away, flowers, and developing flowers. To maximize yields, all the early maturing seedheads are hand harvested multiple times. Once the plants reach peak maturity, they are seed stripped. The seed stripper appears to damage goldenrod flowers so should not be used when many flowers are present. However, it is a great method once the plants are mostly done flowering but are still forming seeds. The machine does not seem to damage the pants or remove immature or “green” seed. (Bartow, pp. 165) |
||
| Length of Storage: | Unknown. Similar species can live up to five years in proper storage. (Luna et al., 2008) | ||
| Outplanting performance on typical sites: | Dune goldenrods are a good source of mid-season nectar in coastal dunes and headlands. Planting sites are prepared by removing weeds with a hand hoe or scraped with a tractor. Plugs are installed with a 5” dibble. | ||
| References: |
Bartow, A. & Corvallis PMC. (n.d.). Native Seed Production Manual: For the Pacific Northwest [Print]. In Solidago spathulata (pp. 164–165). Flora of North America Editorial Committee. “Solidago spathulata de Candolle.” Flora of North America, vol. 20, pp. 112-113. Accessed January 31, 2025. http://www.efloras.org. Flora of Oregon. edited by Stephen Meyers et al., vol. 2, BRIT Press, 2020, p. 346. Luna, Tara; Evans, Jeff; Wick, Dale; Hosokawa, Joy. 2008. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Solidago canadensis L. plants 160 ml conetainers; USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/01/30). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources. Young, Betty. 2001. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Solidago spathulata DC. plants Deepot 16; San Francisco, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/01/23). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources |
||
Citation:
Skinner, Asa M A. 2025. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Solidago spathulata Plants Ray-Leach cone-tainer (SC7) or 16 cu in DeePot (D16); Garibaldi, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/11/03). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
