Sanicula (crassicaulis)
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John W. Hunt Project Manager/Ecologist University of California - Chico California State University, Chico Chico, California 95929-0555 530-228-7594 530-898-4363 (fax) jwhunt@csuchico.edu www.idahobotanicalgarden.org |
| Family Scientific Name: | Apiaceae | ||
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| Family Common Name: | Carrot | ||
| Scientific Name: | Sanicula crassicaulis | ||
| Common Name: | Pacific sanicle | ||
| Species Code: | SACR2 | ||
| Ecotype: | Seed collected at Hog's Back Ridge, eastern Tehama County, California | ||
| General Distribution: | Western United States from British Columbia south to Baja California from sea-level to 1,000 meters (Hickman 1993) | ||
| Known Invasiveness: | Unknown | ||
| Propagation Goal: | plants | ||
| Propagation Method: | seed | ||
| ProductType: | Container (plug) | ||
| Stock Type: | Potted nursery stock (3 | ||
| Time To Grow: | 0 | ||
| Target Specifications: | First year seedling with somewhat corky taproot 1-2mm in diameter and 10-20cm long. | ||
| Propagule Collection: | Collect seed/fruits immediately prior to or when fruit is completely ripe and dry on plant from mid-spring to mid summer | ||
| Propagule Processing: | Seed was collected from spring to mid-summer; Approximately 80-120 seeds per gram, depending on individual, population , year and cleanliness of seed. | ||
| Pre-Planting Treatments: | None, though clean dry seed was placed in dry, cold storage following collection and prior to sowing. | ||
| Growing Area Preparation/ Annual Practices for Perennial Crops: |
During November 2004, seed was directly sown into 1.5" deep flats containing a potting mixture of approximately 1:1:1:2 sand:pumice:peat moss:fir bark mixture. Flats were placed in an outdoor cold frame from late-fall though spring. Most seedlings were transplanted into various sized pots ranging form D-pots to 3x4" plastic containers (some seedlings were not transplanted) using the same potting mixture. Because this is a taprooted species, deep pots seem to work best. The active growth phase can be somewhat extended by misting plants after the last spring rains, but care must be taken not to encourage rot. Dormancy can be induced by letting pots dry-down and then placing in dry storage until the following fall rains. Better growth may be obtainined during the first year by avoiding transplanting (seed directly into larger containers rather than flats). Based on results of direct seeding in the field, better above and below gound growth may be obtained by planting in native soil (e.g.loam) rather than potting soil. Loam appears to have lower fluctuations in moisture and temperature that stress seedlings and reduce growth during the first year. Growth from seed to dormant seedling follows the first fall rains through the spring-summer dry-down. | ||
| Establishment Phase: | Initial germination was observed within 2-3 weeks; Low germination rates were observed, but was due to presence of seed which appeared small and infertile upon visual inspection; germination rates from 31% - 39% were observed in seed cold-stored at approximately 44F in moist vermiculite. Germination rates of approximately 34% were observed for seed sown in an outdoor cold frame. A somewhat fibrous corky taproot approximately 1-2mm in diameter was established by most individuals during the first spring of growth. | ||
| Length of Establishment Phase: | Transplantable sprouts were established within 3-4 weeks. | ||
| Active Growth Phase: | Active growth was observed from the onset of autumn rains (seed swelling) until drying down (die-back and dormancy) occurred in early summer. The length of the active gorwth phase can be somwhat controlled with irrigation, but this species probably requires summer dormancy. Irrigating under warmer conditions can encourage fungus. | ||
| Length of Active Growth Phase: | 6-8 months (late fall - early summer) | ||
| Hardening Phase: | Hardening is not necessary as the active growth is generally initiated between mid-late fall and continues until summer dormancy. Growth resumes following initial fall rains. | ||
| Harvesting, Storage and Shipping: | Individuals go dormant following spring-summer dry down and die back to the root. Dormant individuals were placed in dry storage at 60-70 degrees Farenheit. | ||
| Length of Storage: | 3-4 months | ||
| Other Comments: | Flowering: Early Mar - May; Seed collection: May-June (Oswald and Ahart 2002); Approximately 105 seeds per gram; Transplanted seedlings showed some sign of stress and seedlings transplanted earlier into larger (> 1/2 gallon) containers showed more vigorous growth subsequent to transplanting. Seed sown directly in the field showed above and below ground growth rates comparable too, or better than seed grown under controlled conditions in well-drained potting soils. Heavier native soils may provide better growing conditions when kept moist compared to well-drained potting soils whose moisture and temperature may fluctuate more readily. | ||
| References: | Hickman, James, Ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.; *Oswald, Vern and Lowell Ahart. 2002. Selected Plants of Northern California and Adjacent Nevada. CNPS | ||
Citation:
Leigh, Mark; Pushnik, James C.; Boule, Rachelle D.; Brown, Matthew R.; Hunt, John W.; Koenig, David A.. 2006. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Sanicula crassicaulis plants Potted nursery stock (3; University of California - Chico Chico, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/07/01). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
