Sapotaceae (Sideroxylon)

Protocol Information for:

Label_title:
Sideroxylon (lycioides )

Family Names:

Family Scientific Name:
Sapotaceae

Family Common Name:
Sapodilla

Scientific Names:

Genus:
Sideroxylon

Species:
lycioides

Scientific Classification:

Scientific SubSpecies:

Species Authority:
L.

Scientific SubAuthority:

Authors:

John Vandevender

Common Synonym:

Genus:

Species:

Synonym Classification:

Synonym SubSpecies:

Species Authority:

Synonym SubAuthority:

Other Information:

Common Name:
buckthorn bully

Species Code:
SILY

Ecotype:
Stones River

General Distribution:
Buckthorn bully is found throughout the Central and Southeastern United States from Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and West Virginia South to Texas and eastward to Florida, South and North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland.

Known Invasiveness:
None

Propagation Goal:
Plants

Propagation Method:
Seed

Product Type:
Container (plug)

Stock Type:
1-0

Grow Time:
12 months

Target Specifications:
A second spring seedling ranging in height from 6" to 18" and having a compact, well developed root system.

Propagation Collection:
Mature fruit was hand harvested from a population of Stones River ecotype Sideroxylon lycioides located within the confines of Stones River National battlefield in South Central Tennessee.

Propagation Processing/Propagule Characteristics:
Small lots of seed can be separated from the pulpy fruit by hand rubbing and repeated washing of the macerated material through a number 10 sieve. Repeated washing with tap water flushes the finely macerated pulpy material through the 2 millimeter openings in the sieve, leaving the clean black or reddish black seeds trapped on the sieve mesh.

Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments:
Pro-mix BX with bio-fungicide was moistened and placed in heavy plastic trays. The soil was compacted somewhat to prepare a firm seedbed. Seed was spread evenly by hand on the soil surface and then covered with 1/8 to 1/4 inch of additional soil. The top layer was pressed down slightly to ensure good seed to soil contact. The seed was then artificially cold stratified at 35-38 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 days.

Growing Area Preparation / Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:

Establishment Phase:
Upon completion of cold stratification, seed was moved to the greenhouse to stimulate germination. Seed was maintained in the greenhouse under natural lighting and a minimum temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit.

Length of Establishment Phase:
1 month

Active Growth Phase:
Once the seedlings had developed adequate root systems, they were transplanted into 1 gallon plastic pots filled with Metro-mix 510 growing medium. Transplants were maintained at a minimum of 65 degrees Fahrenheit in the greenhouse under automatic watering and natural lighting.

Length of Active Growth Phase:
9 months

Hardening Phase:
Plants were moved into a shadehouse which provided a minimum of 50 percent shade to allow for hardening off before shipping.

Length of Hardening Phase:
1-2 months

Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:

Length of Storage:

Guidelines for Outplanting / Performance on Typical Sites:

Other Comments:

References:
USDA, NRCS. 2017. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 6 April 2017). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.

Citation:
Vandevender, John. 2017. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Sideroxylon lycioides L. Plants 1-0; USDA NRCS - Appalachian Plant Materials Center Alderson, West Virginia. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/05/16). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.

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