Rhamnaceae (Rhamnus)

Protocol Information for:

Label_title:
Rhamnus (caroliniana)

Family Names:

Family Scientific Name:
Rhamnaceae

Family Common Name:
Buckthorn Family

Scientific Names:

Genus:
Rhamnus

Species:
caroliniana

Scientific Classification:

Scientific SubSpecies:

Species Authority:
Walt

Scientific SubAuthority:

Authors:

Rudy G. Esquivel

Common Synonym:

Genus:

Species:

Synonym Classification:

Synonym SubSpecies:

Species Authority:

Synonym SubAuthority:

Other Information:

Common Name:
Carolina buckthorn

Species Code:
RHCA2

Ecotype:
Travertine Area, Nature Center and Bromide Hill.

General Distribution:
Carolina buckthorn grows in bottomlands in east and southeast Texas, near streams and canyons in central and south-central Texas, also east to Florida and north to Virginia. Will grow in either acid or alkaline soil in full or partial sun.

Known Invasiveness:

Propagation Goal:
plants

Propagation Method:
seed

Product Type:
Container (plug)

Stock Type:

Grow Time:
0

Target Specifications:
Stock Type: Container seedling. Height: 3 ft. Caliper: N/A/ Root System: Taproot.

Propagation Collection:
Collected in Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Sulphur, Oklahoma by Rudy G. Esquivel.

Propagation Processing/Propagule Characteristics:
Seed Processing: Fruit collected by hand from tree as soon as they turn dark purple in the fall. Run fruit through a macerator to remove pulp. Seeds/Kg: N/A. Germination: N/A. Purity: N/A.

Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments:
Seed Treatments: Fresh seeds require no pretreatment in order to germinate promptly. Stored seeds should be stratified for 30 days at 41§ F. Germination of fresh or pretreated seeds will occur within five weeks.

Growing Area Preparation / Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:
Propagation Environment: Greenhouse and lath house for planting and growing. Seed Propagation Method: Seedlings are rapid growing and transplant easily from flats to one-gallon containers. Container Type and Volume: 3 gallon. Growing Media: Sunshine Mix #3.

Establishment Phase:
N/A.

Length of Establishment Phase:

Active Growth Phase:
N/A.

Length of Active Growth Phase:

Hardening Phase:
N/A.

Length of Hardening Phase:

Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:
N/A.

Length of Storage:

Guidelines for Outplanting / Performance on Typical Sites:

Other Comments:

References:
Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas, 1011-1012; How to Grow Native Plants of Texas and the Southwest, 303-304; Seeds of Woody Plants in the United States, 704-708; NRCS James E. `Bud' Smith Plant Materials Center, Knox City, Texas, Plant Collection Information, ECS-580.

Citation:
Esquivel, Rudy G.. 2001. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Rhamnus caroliniana Walt plants USDA NRCS - James E. "Bud" Smith Plant Materials Center Knox City, Texas. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/07/16). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.

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