Pinaceae (Pinus)

Protocol Information for:

Label_title:
Pinus (monophylla)

Family Names:

Family Scientific Name:
Pinaceae

Family Common Name:
Pine Family

Scientific Names:

Genus:
Pinus

Species:
monophylla

Scientific Classification:

Scientific SubSpecies:

Species Authority:
Torr. & Frem.

Scientific SubAuthority:

Authors:

Common Synonym:

Genus:

Species:

Synonym Classification:

Synonym SubSpecies:

Species Authority:

Synonym SubAuthority:

Other Information:

Common Name:
One leaf pinyon pine

Species Code:
PINMON

Ecotype:

General Distribution:
P. monophylla is found from southern Idaho through the Great Basin states to California west to New Mexico.

Known Invasiveness:

Propagation Goal:
plants

Propagation Method:
seed

Product Type:
Bareroot (field grown)

Stock Type:
3+0

Grow Time:
3 Years

Target Specifications:
Height: N/A
Caliper:N/A
Root System: Root system must balance top growth.

Propagation Collection:
Seeds are wild collected during fall months and are kept separated according to site, elevation and source.

Propagation Processing/Propagule Characteristics:
Seeds are cleaned prior to storage and kept in air tight containers in a seed storage room at temperatures below freezing.

Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments:
Seeds are imbibed in water for 2 days. We artificially stratify seeds in a refrigerator for 90 days.

Growing Area Preparation / Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:
Soils: Our field soils are Taylorsville Sandy clay loam with Cca horizon shallower than 12", Taylorsville sand clay loam variant with Cca deeper than 12",Taylorsville Clay loam variant with Cca horizon shallower than 12" and Taylorsville Clay loam variant with Cca horizon deeper than 12".
Field Bed Preparation: We mark out and form beds as needed; and apply 0-45-0 (N:P:K) in April. 2 to 3 inches of compost are applied to seed beds prior to sowing. Sulfur is applied during May. Fields are cultivated for weeds as needed throughout the growing season.
Irrigation: We use overhead irrigation with two inch aluminum pipe that can be moved from field to field each year. Our principle water source is from a canyon stream to the north of here and is very good quality water.

Establishment Phase:
Seeds are sown in late spring using an Oyjard seed drill at a depth of 0.50 inches. Seeds are lightly covered and irrigated when soils appear to be drying out on warm days. Desired field density is 18 trees per square foot.

Length of Establishment Phase:
1 to 2 months after emergence in spring.

Active Growth Phase:
Year 1: Fertilization: We apply Morgro 21-0-0 (N:P:K) with the Gandy spreader (setting 18, speed 2 mph, rpm 1100 to 1200) the second week of each month during the growing season; from April to August. We apply fertilizer at the rate of 120 lbs/ac or 80 lbs/acre. We irrigate for at least 45 minutes following all fertilizer applications. This insures that foliage will not burn and incorporates fertilizer into the root zone. Fertilizer is not applied when foliage is wet. All sulfurand 0-45-0 (N:P:K) applications must be mechanically incorporated since these amendments are not mobile in the soil.
Year 2: 2+0 nursery stock is fertilized the second year using the Herd Spreader, since stock is usually too tall the second year to use the Gandy spreader.
ROOT PRUNING PROCEDURES: This species is root pruned the second year during June to encourage root growth. Irrigate heavily for 2 to 3 days prior to pruning to saturate the root zone. Set pruning blade to slightly wrench seedlings as they are pruned. Check pruning depth frequently and adjust as needed. Irrigate for a minimum of 2 hours following root pruning to settle soil back around roots. This step is critical to eliminate post root pruning mortality. Irrigate field heavily for 2 to 3 days to further settle the soil.
Year 3: Same cultural procedures are followed as in year two; with a second root pruning as needed.

Length of Active Growth Phase:
4 months each growing season

Hardening Phase:
Hardening begins during the third week of August or when dormancy is induced. No fertilizer is applied after August 28th. Irrigation frequency and duration is shortened and applied only when needed.

Length of Hardening Phase:
1 to 2 months each growing season

Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:
Lifting window is during early spring (early February to mid March) of the third year when seedlings are completely dormant. Seedlings are hand lifted after the seedling beds have been undercut at a depth of 10 or 12 inches using a lifter.
They are stored in our cooler on stacked pallets. We keep lifted seedlings in our cooler at between 36 to 42 degrees F and at a relative humidity of 92 to 98% with good air circulation.

Length of Storage:

Guidelines for Outplanting / Performance on Typical Sites:

Other Comments:

References:

Citation:
Zeidler, Scott; Justin, John. 2003. Propagation protocol for production of Bareroot (field grown) Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem. plants 3+0; Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Land - Lone Peak Nurse Draper, Utah. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/05/02). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.

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