Pinaceae (Pinus)

Protocol Information for:

Label_title:
Pinus (strobus)

Family Names:

Family Scientific Name:
Pinaceae

Family Common Name:
Pine Family

Scientific Names:

Genus:
Pinus

Species:
strobus

Scientific Classification:

Scientific SubSpecies:

Species Authority:
L.

Scientific SubAuthority:

Authors:

Common Synonym:

Genus:

Species:

Synonym Classification:

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Species Authority:

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Other Information:

Common Name:
eastern white pine

Species Code:
PINSTR

Ecotype:
Shenandoah National Park

General Distribution:
P. strobus is found from Newfoundland to Manitoba, south to Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky and Iowa. It grows in fertile, well-drained, sandy soil.

Known Invasiveness:

Propagation Goal:
plants

Propagation Method:
seed

Product Type:
Bareroot (field grown)

Stock Type:
2+0 bareroot seedlings

Grow Time:
2 Years

Target Specifications:
Height: 4-8" for 2+0 seedlings
Bareroot seedlings should have well-developed root systems. Long roots are pruned as needed at harvest.

Propagation Collection:
Fallen cones were collected on 9/12/96 in Shenandoah National Park.

Propagation Processing/Propagule Characteristics:
Laid out in full sun on greenhouse benches. Cones are shaken when open to release seeds and seeds are dewinged by hand rubbing.
Storage: seeds were planted after drying and were not stored.
Purity: estimated at 99% after cleaning.
Germination: untested; 10% of seeds planted in 1996 survived to harvest in 1998.
Seeds per Kg: 55,200

Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments:
P. strobus needs 60 days cold stratification (USDA, 1974). Seeds are hand-sown in the fall in outdoor nursery beds to allow natural stratification to occur.

Growing Area Preparation / Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:
Propagation environment: Bareroot seedlings are grown to 2+0 in outdoor woody nursery beds. Selected 2 year old seedlings are transplanted to 1-gallon containers and grown an additional year in the container nursery as specimens.
Sowing date: seed was sown in outdoor nursery beds in early November.
Sowing/planting technique: seeds are dusted with fungicide and hand-sown closely together into rows. Rows are 5-6 inches apart. Ectomycorrhizae are sprinkled over the seed before covering with about 0.75" of soil. The beds are then mulched with aged sawdust, which is scraped back in the spring before seedling emergence.

Establishment Phase:
Seedlings emerge in the spring following a fall sowing. Emergence was not tracked, however of the 1,121 seeds sown, 110 seedlings were harvested.
New seedlings are monitored closely for irrigation needs and are shaded as soon as they emerge with poly screening at 30%. Shade cloth remains over seedlings until mid-August.

Length of Establishment Phase:

Active Growth Phase:
Nursery beds: The NPMC soil is a nutrient-poor sandy loam, which is amended with organic matter, such as composted leaves and manure. Seedlings in the nursery beds are fertilized every other week from early May through early June with a granular 10-10-10. From mid-June through late July, the 10-10-10 is alternated with a granular urea. Fertilization from late July through late August is bi-weekly with 10-10-10. Overhead irrigation is used after each fertilizer application. The rate of water applied is determined by soil moisture prior to irrigation.

Length of Active Growth Phase:

Hardening Phase:
During mid- to late summer, fertilization in the nursery beds is cut back to twice monthly. Beginning in September,irrigation is only used in a severe droughty situation. In the container nursery, irrigation is gradually reduced as weather cools.

Length of Hardening Phase:

Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:
Conifers have not tolerated storage over winter in our cooler, and have experienced desiccation and mildew. Dormant bareroot plants are now harvested in late February prior to delivery to the park. A bareroot seedling harvester is used to lift plants in the woody bed. Seedlings are then hand-sorted by size and tied in manageable bundles. Roots are pruned as needed and kept moist until packing. Bundles are packed in plastic bins with drainage holes and roots are covered with moist sawdust. Bins are held in cold storage at 40F for a less than a month. Just prior to shipping, the roots of bundled seedlings are dipped in a mycorrhizal slurry and wrapped while moist in air-tight plastic. This method has reduced root drying during shipping and outplanting.

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Guidelines for Outplanting / Performance on Typical Sites:

Other Comments:

References:
Gleason, H and A. Cronquist.1991.Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 2nd edition. New York Bot. Garden. USDA, Forest Service. 1974. Seeds of Woody Plants in the United States. USDA, Ag. Handbook 450. USDA NRCS National Plant Materials Center. Woody bed and container plant records. Unpublished.

Citation:
Davis, Kathy; King, Brandy; Kujawski, Jennifer. 2003. Propagation protocol for production of Bareroot (field grown) Pinus strobus L. plants 2+0 bareroot seedlings; USDA NRCS - Norman A. Berg National Plant Materials Center Beltsville, Maryland. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/05/17). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.

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