Pinaceae (Pinus)

Protocol Information for:

Label_title:
Pinus (contorta)

Family Names:

Family Scientific Name:
Pinaceae

Family Common Name:
Pine family

Scientific Names:

Genus:
Pinus

Species:
contorta

Scientific Classification:
Variety

Scientific SubSpecies:
latifolia

Species Authority:
Dougl.ex Loud.

Scientific SubAuthority:
Engelm. ex S. Wats.

Authors:

Common Synonym:

Genus:

Species:

Synonym Classification:

Synonym SubSpecies:

Species Authority:

Synonym SubAuthority:

Other Information:

Common Name:
Lodgepole pine

Species Code:
PINCON

Ecotype:
Lodgepole forest, Many Glacier, Glacier National Park, Glacier Co., MT, 1585m elevation.

General Distribution:
P. contorta var. latifolia is found in montane dry to moist areas, often forming pure stands;from southern Alaska and Yukon, southward to northern Baja California, east to Alberta and extreme southwestern Saskatchewan, South Dakota, and through the Rocky Mountains to Colorado. It is also common throughout the northeastern Oregon, Idaho, northern Utah, and extreme western Nevada.

Known Invasiveness:

Propagation Goal:
plants

Propagation Method:
seed

Product Type:
Container (plug)

Stock Type:
172 ml conetainers

Grow Time:
9 Months

Target Specifications:
Stock Type: Container seedling.
Height: 16 cm.
Caliper: n/a.
Root System: firm plug in conetainer.

Propagation Collection:
Serotinous and non serotinous cones are collected in early September. Mature seeds are firm and brown in color.
Cones are collected by cutting branches with pruning poles. Cones are removed from branches with pruning shears and stored in burlap bags in a well ventilated drying shed.

Propagation Processing/Propagule Characteristics:
Serotinous cones are heated in kilns or placed in boiling water and then air dried to facilitate opening and seed extraction. A tumbler and dewinger are used to clean large quantities.
Seed longevity: is up to 25 years at 1 to 3C in sealed containers.
Seed dormancy is classified as physiological dormancy.
Seeds/Kg: 208,000 /kg
% Purity: 100%
% Germination: 80 to 94%

Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments:
Seeds are treated with 8:1(v:v)water/bleach bath for 10 minutes, followed by a 48 hour running water rinse soak and a 45 day cold, moist stratification. Seeds are placed in fine mesh bags in moist peat moss and buried in ventilated containers at 3C. Nonstratified P. contorta seeds are reported to germinate to higher percentages in light than in darkness. Stratified seeds germinate to higher percentages in darkness. Prechilling may promote overall germination energy and uniformity.

Growing Area Preparation / Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:
Greenhouse and outdoor nursery growing facility.
Sowing Method: Direct Seeding. Stratified seeds are lightly covered with medium.
Growing medium used is 6:1:1 milled sphagnum peat, perlite, and vermiculite with Osmocote controlled release fertilizer (13N:13P2O5:13K2O; 8 to 9 month release rate at 21C) and Micromax fertilizer (12%S, 0.1%B, 0.5%Cu, 12%Fe, 2.5%Mn, 0.05%Mo, 1%Zn) at the rate of 1 gram of Osmocote and 0.20 gram of Micromax per 172 ml conetainer.
Greenhouse temperatures are maintained at 21 to 25C during the day and 16 to 18C at night. Seedlings are hand watered and remain in greenhouse until mid May. Seedlings are then moved to outdoor nursery for the remainder of the growing season.

Establishment Phase:
Medium is kept slightly moist during germination. Seeds must not be sown or covered too deeply. Initial germination is typically complete in 20 days. Germinants shed the seed coats 14 days after emergence. Seedlings are thinned at the birdcage stage.
Accelerated growth is usually reached by week 8.

Length of Establishment Phase:
8 weeks

Active Growth Phase:
Plants were fertilized with 25-10-10 liquid NPK at 200 ppm during the growing season. Seedlings can be inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi at this stage. Plants were fully root tight 23 weeks after germination and averaged 16 cm in height.

Length of Active Growth Phase:
16 weeks

Hardening Phase:
Tree seedlings are fertilized with 10-20-20 liquid NPK at 200 ppm in August and September. Irrigation is gradually reduced in September and October. Seedlings are flushed with clear water once before winterization.

Length of Hardening Phase:
4 weeks

Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:
Total Time To Harvest: 9 months
Harvest Date: September and October
Storage Conditions: Overwinter in outdoor nursery under insulating foam cover and snow.

Length of Storage:
5 months

Guidelines for Outplanting / Performance on Typical Sites:

Other Comments:
One gallon container stock can be produced in 2 years with an average height of 37 cm and 1 cm caliper.
There are 2 botanical varieties; var. contorta, which is the coastal variety, and var. latifolia.

References:
Flora of the Pacific Northwest, Hitchcock and Cronquist, 7th edition, University of Washington Press, 1973.

Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, Baskin and Baskin, Academic Press, 1998.

Seeds of Woody Plants in North America, Young and Young, Dioscorides Press, 1992.

Glacier National Park Native Plant Nursery Propagation Records, unpublished.

Citation:
Luna, Tara; Evans, Jeff; Wick, Dale; Hosokawa, Joy. 2008. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Pinus contorta Dougl.ex Loud. plants 172 ml conetainers; USDI NPS - Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2024/05/17). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.

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