Lamiaceae (Salazaria)

Protocol Information for:

Label_title:
Salazaria (mexicana)

Family Names:

Family Scientific Name:
Lamiaceae

Family Common Name:
Mint Family

Scientific Names:

Genus:
Salazaria

Species:
mexicana

Scientific Classification:

Scientific SubSpecies:

Species Authority:
Torr.

Scientific SubAuthority:

Authors:

Jean Graham

Common Synonym:

Genus:

Species:

Synonym Classification:

Synonym SubSpecies:

Species Authority:

Synonym SubAuthority:

Other Information:

Common Name:
Paperbag Bush

Species Code:
SALMEX

Ecotype:
Joshua Tree National Monument, California

General Distribution:
Salazaria mexicana is found in dry washes and canyons; from northern Mexico to southern California east to western Texas and north to southern Utah.

Known Invasiveness:

Propagation Goal:
plants

Propagation Method:
seed

Product Type:
Container (plug)

Stock Type:
2 Gallon PVC Pipe containers

Grow Time:
8 Months

Target Specifications:
Height: N/A
Caliper: N/A
Root System: Firm Root Plug in container.

Propagation Collection:
Seeds are hand collected in summer when capsules have matured and begin to split open.In past collections, many capsues contain unfilled seeds.

Propagation Processing/Propagule Characteristics:
Seeds are allowed to dry for 4 to 6 weeks in paper bags in a warm, dry room. After seeds have been cleaned, they are stored under refrigeration in air tight containers at 7C.

Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments:
Seeds are soaked in water for 3 to 4 hrs to remove any inhibitors and to allow full imbibition of seeds prior to sowing. Seeds are placed between sheets of blotter paper in nursery flats and wrapped in plastic bags to prevent desiccation. We transplant viable germinants into containers as soon as the radicle emerges. Flats are checked for new germinants daily. Seeds can also be directly sown in open flats using a growing medium of 2 parts sand, 1 part mulch and 2 parts perlite (v:v:v). Germination %: 68%

Growing Area Preparation / Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:
The Joshua Tree Native Plant Nursery is located in the Mojave Desert of southern California and has an average of 250 frost free days per year and annual rainfall of 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in.)
The facility is comprised of two greenhouses, shade structures, mist propagation beds and an outdoor growing compound. All propagation environments are utilized at different stages of seedling growth to provide for the variance in temperature and shading requirements during the growing season. We irrigate all containers with an automated drip irrigation system.

Establishment Phase:
Seedlings are germinated during winter months in a small greenhouse were they remain for 4 weeks. Flats and containers are watered with a drip irrigation system. After seedlings are well established and have at least 2 true leaves, they are transplanted into newspaper cylinders wrapped with polyvinyl food wrap. The newspaper container is 29 cm (11.5 in) tall and 7.5 cm (3 in) in diameter. The newspaper pots are filled with a growing medium of 2:1:1 (v:v:v) sand, mulch, and perlite.

Length of Establishment Phase:
4 weeks

Active Growth Phase:
Seedlings are ready for transplanting into larger containers at 8 to 12 weeks. The entire newspaper pot minus the plastic wrap is transplanted into the PVC tall containers using the same medium described for the newspaper containers. Osmocote time release fertilizer (9 mo release rate) (13 N:13P2O5:13K2O) is incorporated into the medium at the approximate rate of 22 g per 6l ( 2 gal) PVC containers.
PVC containers are 37.5 cm tall(15 in) and are 15 cm (6 in)in diameter.
Following transplanting, seedlings are moved to a larger greenhouse with more temperature variance where they remain for another 4 weeks.
Approximately 4 weeks old after transplanting, they are moved to the open growing compound that is covered with a 55% shadecloth during the summer months. During the months of intense summer heat, containers are irrigated by an automated drip system every other day with occasional deep irrigation to leach out accumulated salts.
Seedlings should be monitored for aphids.

Length of Active Growth Phase:
5 months

Hardening Phase:
Irrigation frequency and duration is gradually reduced for 4 to 8 weeks prior to out-planting. The shadecloth is removed from the open growing compound in October when daytime temperatures begin to cool. Nursery stock is top pruned at this stage.

Length of Hardening Phase:
2 months

Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:
Containerized seedlings are over wintered directly in the open growing compound.

Length of Storage:
Variable; depends on out planting date.

Guidelines for Outplanting / Performance on Typical Sites:

Other Comments:

References:

Citation:
Graham, Jean. 2003. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Salazaria mexicana Torr. plants 2 Gallon PVC Pipe containers; USDI NPS - Joshua Tree National Park Native Plant Nursery Twentynine Palms, California. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/04/30). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.

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