Euphorbiaceae (Macaranga)

Protocol Information for:

Label_title:
Macaranga (carolinensis)

Family Names:

Family Scientific Name:
Euphorbiaceae

Family Common Name:
Spurge Family

Scientific Names:

Genus:
Macaranga

Species:
carolinensis

Scientific Classification:

Scientific SubSpecies:

Species Authority:

Scientific SubAuthority:

Authors:

Pius Liyagel

Common Synonym:

Genus:

Species:

Synonym Classification:

Synonym SubSpecies:

Species Authority:

Synonym SubAuthority:

Other Information:

Common Name:
Bith

Species Code:
MACCAR

Ecotype:
Yap Islands

General Distribution:
Bith is an endemic species to the Caroline islands. It inhabits coasal strand forest and interior island forests on limestone bedrock.

Known Invasiveness:

Propagation Goal:
plants

Propagation Method:
seed

Product Type:
Container (plug)

Stock Type:
3L (1 gal) polybag

Grow Time:
4 Months

Target Specifications:
Height: 20 cm
Caliper: N/A
Root System: Firm Root Plug in container.

Propagation Collection:

Propagation Processing/Propagule Characteristics:
Seeds are hand collected when pods have matured and begin to split open.

Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments:
Seeds are soaked in water to remove any inhibitors and to allow full imbibition of seeds prior to sowing. Seeds are sown into deep flats (1X2') and covered with composted leaf mold. We transplant viable germinants into containers as soon as the radicle emerges. Flatsare checked for new germinants daily.

Growing Area Preparation / Annual Practices for Perennial Crops:
The Yap Agroforestry nursery a year round growing season with periods of high rainfall.
The facility is comprised of one large greenhouse, shade structures, and mist propagation beds, and an outdoor growing compound. All propagation environments are utilized at different stages of seedling growth to protect seedlings from heavy rains, and provide to temperature and shading variance during production. We irrigate all containers by hand, but are investigating a sub-irrigation system for the nursery. We use fertilizers if when they are available.

Establishment Phase:
Seedlings are germinated in a greenhouse were they remain for 4 weeks. Flats and containers are watered by hand. After seedlings are well established and have at least 2 true leaves, they are transplanted into 3 L (1 gallon) polybags filled with a growing medium of 2:1:1 (v:v:v) sand, seaweed compost, and topsoil.

Length of Establishment Phase:
4 weeks

Active Growth Phase:
Approximately 4 weeks after transplanting, seedlings are grown under a shadecloth during summer months. During months of intense summer heat, containers are watered daily with occasional deep irrigation to leach out accumulated salts.

Length of Active Growth Phase:
8 weeks

Hardening Phase:
Irrigation frequency and duration is gradually reduced for 4 to 8 weeks prior to outplanting. Nursery stock is top pruned at this stage.

Length of Hardening Phase:
4 weeks

Harvesting, Storage and Shipping:
Containerized seedlings are stored in the open growing compound until moved to outplanting site.

Length of Storage:
Variable; depends on outplanting date.

Guidelines for Outplanting / Performance on Typical Sites:

Other Comments:

References:

Citation:
Liyagel, Pius. 2005. Propagation protocol for production of Container (plug) Macaranga carolinensis plants 3L (1 gal) polybag; Yap Forestry Yap Islands, Federated States of Micronesia. In: Native Plant Network. URL: https://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2025/06/18). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.

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